Group+5

toc =Physical Data (2)= Shannon Byerly- Results

Point A- .81m Point B- .9m Point C- .93m Point D- .61m Point A- 111.37 seconds Point B-27.59 Seconds Point C- 59.13 seconds Point D- 127.79 seconds
 * Stream Temperature**- 10 degrees Celsius
 * Air Temperature**-8 degrees Celsius
 * Stream Width**-3.2m
 * Stream Depth**
 * o** **Average Depth**-.81m
 * Stream Velocity**
 * o Average Velocity**- 81.47 seconds

Jenna Roach - How to. We figured out the __stream temperature__ sticking a celsius thermometer into the stream water for at least one minute. The __air temperature__ is figured out the same way, with the exception of keeping the thermometer in the air, for again at least less than five minutes. If needed, the conversion from fahrenheit to celsius is C = (F - 32) 5/9. To find the __width of the stream__ we tied a string across a specific place on jackson run and there ya go. To find the __stream depth__, there was 4 points where we stuck a meter stick in the water...again..short sweet and to the point. The __average depth__ is found by adding the 4 points at where we found the depth, and then dividing them by 4. To find __stream velocity__...we put tennis balls into the water at point a and timed how long it took for each one to get to point b. To find __average velocity__...again, for average we added point a, b, c, and d and then divided by four.

=Chemical Data (1)= Jade Dukes Odor: Other: __Marshy__ Color: __Slightly clear with particles__ Chemical Tests:
 * Test || 1st Result ||
 * Dissolved Oxygen || 10 ||
 * pH || 7 ||
 * Turbidity || 20 ||
 * Nitrate || 0 ||
 * Total Hardness || ||
 * Alkalinity || 28 ||
 * Iron || Less than .5 ||

=Macroinvertebrates (biological) (1)= Katrina Anderson Relative Abundance (RA) Weighting Factor R = (1-9) C = (10-99) D = (100 or more) Group 1(Sensitive)
 * Background Information**
 * 1) of R's x 5.0
 * 2) of C's x 5.6
 * 3) of D's x 5.3

Group 2 (Somewhat Sensitive)
 * 1) of R's x 3.2
 * 2) of C's x 3.4
 * 3) of D's x 3.0

Group 3 (Tolerant)
 * 1) of R's x 1.2
 * 2) of C's x 1.1
 * 3) of D's x 1.0

Stream Quality Rating: > 40 (good) 20-40 (fair) < 20 (poor)

Dobsonfly Larva - 5 (R) Stonefly Nymph - 5 (R) Cranefly Larva - 4 (R) Mayfly Nymph - 22 (C) Group 1 Rating: 20.6
 * Group 1 Taxa:**

Damselfy Nymph - 4 (R) Crayfish - 2 (R) Group 2 Rating: 6.4
 * Group 2 Taxa:**


 * Total Rating Value for Site:** 27
 * Stream Quality Rating:** fair

=Stream mapping (2)= Hayden Muth- Data Sam O - graph
 * X (meters) || 0 || 3 || 6 || 9 || 12 || 15 || 18 || 21 || 24 || 27 || 30 || 33 ||
 * Y1 (meters) || 2.2 || 1.7 || 2.1 || 3.3 || 4.2 || 5.5 || 6.7 || 6.9 || 3.5 || 4.71 || 4.9 || 6.1 ||
 * Y2 (meters) || 8.45 || 8.7 || 9.62 || 10.48 || 11 || 12.16 || 12.36 || 10.16 || 11.75 || 11.4 || 11.2 || 11.66 ||

=Forest Ecology (2)= Skylyn Kopas Some facts and information about forests that we learned are: Brenton Cunningham Forest Ecology is the study of processes and ecosystems in forests. It includes the trees, flora, fauna, and organisms in forests. There are a few factors that effect forest ecology. They are:
 * A watershed holds all the water that falls into it. It is the area of land that is drained by a stream.
 * There are 80,000 miles of stream in Pennsylvania.
 * More miles of stream here than in any other state in the USA.
 * 70% of macroinvertebres depend on water.
 * The best quality and quantity of water comes from open forests.
 * Forest buffers take nitrates out of the water, filters and warms the temperature of it.
 * Forests regulate water, reduce pollution from nitrates, and break down pesticides.
 * Trees supply large woody debris into the stream which gives insects a place to lay eggs and reproduce.

Temperature - Many organisms can only exist in certain temperature ranges. Things that can change the temperature of a watershed include trees, nearby developments, latitude, and elevation. In Jackson Run, trees surround it and prevent the sun from heating it up.

Velocity - This is how fast the body of water flows. Velocity can affect how the watershed gets rid of wastes. If water does not flow, it can become a breeding ground for pests like mosquitoes. It also brings more oxygen into the water for organisms to breathe.

pH level - This is the acidity of the water. The pH scale runs from 0-14 with 7.4 being neutral. Our group's results from the chemical station showed that the water was at about 7, which is ideal.

Turbididty - This is how much dirt or rocks are present in the water. In an ideal stream, there will be many rocks to prevent dirt from washing downstream and creating dirty water.

Dissolved Oxygen - Organisms need oxygen to be in the water so they can breathe.

Nitrates - If too many nitrates are present in the water, it can create problems for the organisms living in it. Nitrates get into the water by fertilizer from farms.

Depth and Width - The deeper and wider the stream, the larger the habitat it provides.