Group+1

toc =Physical Data (2)= Jenna Reitz Temperature: Stream- 9c Air-11.5c Stream Width: 2.74m

Stream Depth: Point A - 0 .87m Point B - 0.83m Point C - 0.79m Point D - 0.71m Average Dept: 0.8m

Stream Velocity: Point A - 39.32sec Point B - 23.72sec Point C - 28.91sec Point D - 71.91sec Average velocity: 0.12 m/sec

Spencer Levy To find out the temperature of the stream we held thermometer in the water for two minutes. To find out the temperature of the air we held a thermometer three feet off the ground for one minute. Both temperatures were recorded in C. For stream depth we put clothes pins along the rope across the stream, then we took the meter stick and touched the bottom at each pin, when we got each measurement we averaged them. To get stream velocity we dropped tennis balls into the stream and timed them with a stopwatch until it crossed the other line. Then, just like depth we took the average.

=Chemical Data (1)= Meghan Farmery

=Macroinvertebrates (biological) (1)= Our rating value for the site is poor.
 * Group 1 || RA || # of Organisms ||
 * Dobsonfly Larva (0.0) || R || 8 ||
 * Stonefly Nymph (1.1) || R || 4 ||
 * Mayfly Nymph (3.5) || C || 33 ||
 * Group 2 || RA || # of Organisms ||
 * Cray Fish (6.0) || R || 4 ||

=Stream mapping (2)= alAlex Magill
 * Meters (x) || Y1 || Y2 ||
 * 0 || 2.1 || 8.05 ||
 * 3 || 1.7 || 8.5 ||
 * 6 || 1.74 || 9.6 ||
 * 9 || 2.7 || 10.34 ||
 * 12 || 3.92 || 10.74 ||
 * 15 || 6.24 || 11.85 ||
 * 18 || 7 || 12.02 ||
 * 21 || 4.1 || 12.36 ||
 * 24 || 4.95 || 11.79 ||
 * 27 || 4.74 || 11.21 ||
 * 30 || 6.5 || 11.81 ||



=Forest Ecology (2)= Heather Heitzenrater Forest Ecology is the study of all patterns in the forest in the respect of its environment. The type of forest patterns we looked at was the watershed that runs into Jackson Run. The Jackson Run runs along Route 36 in Pennsylvania. It later runs into the Mohoning Creek then the Allegany River to the Ohio then it meets up to the Mississippi River and then finally into the Gulf of Mexico. Pennsylvania also has the most streams in the U.S. besides Alaska. The state of PA is also manly one big watershed thus why we have so many streams and creeks. A watershed is manly evelavations of land that run into a lower part of the land to make a stream, lake, river,run, creek, etc. All the run off water from the rain gets soaked up into the ground and then over time the water works its way through the ground and then finally runs into a stream. This may take years for some of the water to get through to the stream. In forests by streams that is why the ground is always a spongy feeling. The ground works the same way as a spong does.

We look at 11 main things in a streams health and what can affect it. First its the harndess which has to do with CO3. There is really nothing you can do here. Next is the Ph level which in turn goes with Iron. This is manly how the acid level in the water. It turns the water orange. Mines around the stream can cause this to happen. Cloe like did not have any of this so it was good healthy there. It also has good O2 levels. A stream needs good oxygen so the organisums living in it can breath. For a stream to get oxygen the stream needs movement like flowing over rocks and other things. When the water falls it makes bubbles which make oxygen. The colder the water the more oxygen. That is why it is good for a stream to be in the forest it is always cool. This part of the stream was very healthy. It also needs alkinlinty which is what you need to do if the stream gets polloited. There is really nothing you can do for this either it depends on the bedrock of the stream. Cloe lakes was not that good and was very low. We checked the Nitrogen too it is very good. In a water shed you do not want much nitrogen to get into it. It can kill the living things in it and not give it much to breath. Fertalizers can affect the water do to run offs from farm fields. The turnbinity is extra sediments running off into the stream from the roads and what not. This can sufficate the animals living in the stream if there is to much of it. Cloe was also good on this. The temperature goes with the oxygen so it was good there for all the shade.

The best quality of water comes from a forested water shed. The forest helps in all areas like food. The forest gets ride of all things in the water and the shade makes the forest wide and have more oxygen. We also looked at tropigraphic maps that show us were the water runs off from. The water is shown as blue and the forest it green while all the other land like fields are shown was white. It helps us all see how a water shed works.

**Melissa Blose**

Watersheds are where the water runs from and are the high points on a map. Cloe lake is 1,400 feet above sea level. The Jackson Run watershed is apart of cloe lake and the highest point is 400 feet. Cloe lake is also known as a mountain stream because of the turbulence and it has more velocity. It is also a mountain stream because of the fact that it is also straight. There are eleven factors that we look at in a stream. They are hardness, pH, iron, oxygen, alkalinity, nitrogen, turbidity, temperature, width, depth, and velocity. The hardness deals with CO3 and you cannot really do much with it. Mining causes pH to decrease, while it causes iron to increase. Water tumbles over rocks to get the oxygen in the water (turbulence). Alkalinity is like hardness, and it is how the water handles pollution and how it reacts. Nitrogen is in fertilizers and it increases pollution. This is also present in sewage. Turbidity is the suspended materials in the water and you do not want there to be too much. It causes muddy water and it also known as the sediments in the stream. To be able to solve turbidity, you could pave all the roads or move the dirt roads away from the stream. The forest shades the lake and that makes the temperature lower. If there were no trees, the lake temperature would rise. Width is also an important factor because streams need to be wide and deep for the stream health and for more organisms to live in it. The more surface area (width), the more organisms there are. There are many different depths throughout the lake. The last factor is velocity and cloe lake has a lot of velocity which makes it a mountain stream like I previously stated before.

The colder the water, the more oxygen it holds. That is why there are many organisms in Cloe lake. Microinvertebrates are near the rocks, and most live on the bottom since the food is located there. The best water is from a forest watershed. The forest supplies many things such as; it takes the nutrients from the water, and it eliminates the nitrogen that increases pollution. The forest also breaks down pesticides and it adds woody debris to the water. It increases the width and temperature, which allows more organisms in the water. The forest also regulates the amount of water it has. Forests have organic material that is made from dirt, dry leaves, etc. This material is spongy allowing the forest to regulate the amount of water.

The map of Cloe lake and the region around it has many representations. The green area stands for trees or forest. The white represents civilization (no forest), and the little squares/dots stand for buildings and houses. The dashed lines represent paved roads, while the double lines stand for dirt roads.

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